Which type of force system primarily affects the position of the tooth roots?

The type of force system that primarily affects the position of the tooth roots is bodily movement force. This type of force is applied in a way that allows the entire tooth, including its roots, to move through the alveolar bone while remaining relatively upright. As a result, the forces create a more comprehensive spatial shift, leading to a change in the overall position of the tooth within the arch. This is particularly crucial in orthodontic treatment when aligning teeth and ensuring that they move in a desirable manner, impacting both their crowns and roots.

In contrast, tipping forces primarily induce a change in the angulation of the crown of the tooth, but they do not result in significant movement of the roots in the same way. Intrusion forces focus on moving the tooth into the bone, which can affect root positioning but is primarily intended for vertical displacement rather than a complete repositioning. Extrusion forces work to move the tooth out of the socket, which also has less direct influence on the positioning of the roots compared to a bodily movement force. Bodily movement force is more effective for achieving the overall desired alignment through the targeted repositioning of both the crown and roots of the tooth.